Overview: A training being organized at Campus of Bihar health society by Save the Children on child rights and child protection. The objective of this was to build the capacity of project team of partner’s on child rights and its concerns during project implementation. As training goes on, Mr. Sanjeev(Trainer of SC) focused on Right to Education act and its provisions for target child group in India. RtE act deprived from article 21 of fundamental rights which does give us rights to live freely. The objective of training was to understand and express negative and positive experience by child that child rights issues addressing them. CHILD RIGHTS: As per training, project focused on Child rights, Child protection, Child groups and child protection committee. Project team should understand its impact on children. Why, how and where to form child protection groups? Education is not possible without safeguard of child protection. Children are specific community that requires special attention with care. They get more influenced by anything comparatively an adult. Children might never belong to the any political agenda, since they don’t have voting rights. Child rights are Human rights.
Child rights in Indian constitution:-
v Article 21 - Protection from bounded labour and trafficking.
v Article 14- protection from discrimination.
v Article 15- Equality rights
v Article 46- To provide social justice to the people of weaker section of society and protect from any kind of exploitation.
v Article 21(a)- Free education to children belongs to the age group of 6-14 years.
v Article 24- Protection from risk employments for fewer than 14 children.
v Article 39(e)- No forced labour by child for economic empowerment
v Article 39(f) - Equal opportunity and protection rights for secured childhood so that children will grow as a healthy youth.
v Article 45- Integrated child care for below 6 years children groups.
Some important judicial acts under child rights:-
§ No punishment for 0 to 7 years child groups
§ 8-18 age group children allowed for child reformation custody.
§ Intercourse with 0-16 age group girl child is “Rape”.
Juvenile act of India for children: In this act which is constituted in year 2000 and in amendments made in year 2006 provide rights to children of age group of 0-18 that no jail and no arrest. Even judge must sit with level of child during hearing in court.
United Nations act for child rights and India: Assembly of United Nations on 20th November, 1989 passed rights for children and youths. And it has been globally accepted as Human rights. On 11th December, 1992, India also signed it with acceptance and ensured Child rights in country.
Provisions in Right to Education act:
§ Free education for children of 6-14 years
§ 25% quota for poor children in private school
§ Neighbourhood school
§ Inclusion of disabled child in formal education
§ Inclusion of drop out children in formal education
§ Special bridge course for drop out child
§ Free learning materials
§ Transport facilities
§ No entrance exam for admission
§ No exam up to 8 grade
§ No child can be failed
§ No corporal punishment
§ 30 children per class room
§ One teacher for 30 children
§ One library in each school
§ Complain in district panchayat and SCPCR
Child groups to ensure child protection and RtE:
Child group is important platform for children to know their rights, demand and raise issues of violation under RtE. Child group should consist of 15 members. 7 girl child, 7 boys and 1 disabled child. Name, rules and objective of child group should be clear with similar vision towards quality education for all as well as minimal conflicts in child groups. After the formation of child group, group starts identification of issues concerning in their school and village of child rights and RtE.
Why child groups?: Children feel more safe among children and express better. Children understand better about other child issues as well as monitor effectively. Children can represent their voice in community. They can identify better their problems, need than an adult.
Roles and responsibilities of child group:-
I. Children will monitor the child protection issues and RtE
II. Children will discuss how many children in their village are not going school, why and what support she/he requires.
III. Children will discuss and find who are the children being involved in child labour and are on risk of child marriage, trafficking, abuse or being exploited.
IV. Children group representative will present all their findings during in meeting and share it with villagers.
V. Child groups will facilitate to educate and aware about the provision of RtE through various form of IEC tools.
VI. Children groups will inform the government about the violation of RtE in their schools.
Roles and responsibilities of Cluster Coordinator at villages:-
§ Cluster Coordinators will meet children and inform them about the roles, responsibilities, function of child group.
§ Cluster coordinators will call all children in general assembly to inform about the formation of child group.
§ Children will nominate or elect the child group and staff will facilitate the child group formation.
§ Once child group formed, everything needs to be written in the child group register.
§ The staff will further facilitate them in meeting, reporting, identification of child protection issues, and inclusion of disabled child and inform office, field guide, field coordinator or project manager.
Child protection committee
Everyone’s responsible for child protection in society. Individuals, facilities, communities, civil groups, NGOs, UN agencies, governments, private sector, religious organizations and children themselves responsible for Child protection. Child protection CPCs at village level will redress the child protection issues raised by the child groups in their villages and take stand.
Community members will make CPC at village level. In CPC, 3 child group representatives, 6 female and 6 male members including teachers, Anganwari worker, ANM, PRI representatives and parents.
Roles of the CPCs will be that it will act as a referral for children in case of any issues of child protection emerges in the community. CPC will meet twice in month to monitor the Child rights and child protection issues in village. CPCs will address the issues of Child rights and child protection with discussing it with the community, parents, school, local administration and panchayat. Involvement of teachers, Anganwari worker, ANM, PRI representatives, parents, children and community people provide strength and acceptance to CPCs in community. CPCs involve people from community hence children are more open to express and share their issues of child protection and it will ensure quick solutions in the best interest of child.
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